Productivity and (or?) Prosperity with AI?

Paul Romer—the Seidner University Professor in the Seidner Department of Finance and founding director of the Center for the Economics of Ideas at the Carroll School of Management—is one of the most influential economists of the 21st century. In four decades as a professional economist, he has addressed a range of abstract and practical questions, typically by re-examining an existing concern from a novel perspective.

Romer’s Ph.D. thesis revisited questions left unresolved by prior work on the determinants of long-run growth. The most important of these was a lack of attention to the difference between two types of economic goods: objects and ideas. Attention to objects leads inevitably to the diminishing returns that Thomas Malthus emphasized. Because ideas are intrinsically associated with increasing returns, they provide a coherent explanation for the persistent, accelerating pattern of human progress. The resulting analysis also reveals the centrality of scale economies in generating gains from trade and facilitating monopolies.

In 2018, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics for this work. His Nobel lecture elaborates on the implications of ideas for “The Possibility of Progress.”

Owing to his interest in not just the abstract process of innovation but also the practical details, in 2001, Romer started an educational technology company, Aplia, which showed how online exercises could reinforce classroom education. He sold the company to Cengage Learning in 2007.

In 1993, he co-authored (with George Akerlof) a paper that used the savings and loan crisis of the 1980s to highlight the harm that careless financial deregulation could cause. The paper met with considerable skepticism then, but since the economic crisis of 2007-2008, its message has become part of the “accepted wisdom.” The paper is also seen as one of the founding contributions to the area known as Forensic Finance.

After 2007, Romer focused on successful urbanization as a key driver of rapid catch-up growth for poor countries. The importance of this process is evident in China’s rapid growth during the 1990s. Based on the successful urban centers of Hong Kong and Shenzhen, he encouraged policymakers to consider the possibility of starting entirely new “Charter Cities.” He became the founding director of New York University’s Marron Institute for Urban Management and, subsequently, chief economist at the World Bank. His approach to urban design and form is reflected in his exploration of Black Rock City, which comes into existence each year with a population of 70,000 at the Burning Man Festival in Nevada.

Recently, Romer has revisited the policy challenges created by the novel characteristics of ideas as economic goods. The issue that emerged in the 1990s was the tendency for markets in software and digital services to evolve toward monopoly control, a question he examined in part as a consultant for the US Department of Justice on its antitrust case against Microsoft. Romer has also emphasized the problems created by web business models based on targeted digital advertising and the threat posed by digital messages of unknown provenance. The initial focus of the new Center for the Economics of Ideas that he is launching at Boston College will be to offer practical solutions that address the need for “Digital Authenticity.” With the tools that the Center will develop, authors and publishers can certify to any reader the integrity of the files they distribute.

With over 15+ years of experience in government reform, policy and digital transformation leadership Tamara has developed a global reputation for introducing the culture, practices and technologies of the digital era to help governments better serve the public.

In the United States, Tamara led and supported California State and Federal Government’s teams in open gov, data and digital service reform initiatives. Over the past two California administrations she championed the course for the priority policy and digital reforms for the world’s 5th largest economy which drove better outcomes, reduced risk and rebuilt public trust. She led California’s digital response during a worldwide pandemic and co-founded strike, multidisciplinary teams that spearheaded transformations across the state, modeling radically human centered “test and learn” approach to public service delivery.

Then in 2020 Tamara returned to Europe as she was asked to serve in her home country, Montenegro, as the Minister of 3 largest ministries – Public Administration, Digital Society and Media. She was not only the first Digital Minister but also the youngest female Minister in this region, breaking new ground by modeling “a different kind of power”, a political leadership grounded in kindness that ignites unity, hope and optimism, rather than divisions, fear and blame – setting the stage for future leaders in Western Balkans. Under her leadership Montenegro government reshaped key policies and standards, propelled public private partnerships, saved money, improved services and built lasting capability for innovation and service delivery.

Tamara has built numerous government startups, recruited and cultivated world-class technology talent, and developed critical partnerships that changed how the governments solve mission-critical challenges while leaving no one behind. She is a tech ambassador, entrepreneur, and scholar and has been advising and supporting government leaders around the world in tech policy, public administration and digital transformation reforms. She founded Rebel Alliance, and joined International Foundation for Customer Experience in Government as the Executive Chairwomen, where her teams are on a mission to empower government leaders globally through expanded capacity to serve all communities better. She is a board member at Apolitical, a global public servant community of practice and active in several leading networks on women and young leaders in tech. As a champion of open and inclusive democracies and free media, she spearheads the learning and mentorship space and community of support for female politicians, tech leaders and journalists. As a 40 under 40 Young European Leader and a member of Friends of Europe she is on a mission to revitalize democracy and build a more inclusive, sustainable and forward-thinking Europe.